{"id":105,"date":"2008-05-13T20:16:00","date_gmt":"2008-05-13T20:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/catalin.francu.com\/blog\/?p=105"},"modified":"2008-05-13T20:16:00","modified_gmt":"2008-05-13T20:16:00","slug":"licenta-gnu-gpl-si-satul-fara-caini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/catalin.francu.com\/blog\/2008\/05\/licenta-gnu-gpl-si-satul-fara-caini\/","title":{"rendered":"Licen\u0163a GNU GPL \u015fi satul f\u0103r\u0103 c\u00e2ini"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>De c\u00e2t\u0103va vreme se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu DEX online un lucru care m\u0103 \u00eengrijoreaz\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Proiectul DEX online \u00ee\u015fi ofer\u0103, liber \u015fi gratuit, baza de date sub licen\u0163a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/licenses\/old-licenses\/gpl-2.0.html\">GNU GPL<\/a>. Cu alte cuvinte, oricine poate s\u0103 descarce \u00eentreaga baz\u0103 de defini\u0163ii \u015fi s\u0103 o foloseasc\u0103 \u00een orice scop, comercial sau necomercial. Licen\u0163a GPL, <a href=\"http:\/\/dexonline.ro\/faq.php#licenta\">a\u015fa cum apare ea<\/a> pe siteul DEX online, oblig\u0103 la dou\u0103 lucruri:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Baza de date trebuie oferit\u0103 mai departe tot sub licen\u0163a GPL;<\/li>\n<li>Oriunde sunt folosite defini\u0163ii preluate de la DEX online, trebuie inclus\u0103 o not\u0103 cu textul &#8221;                      Copyright (C) 2004-2008 DEX online. Copierea defini\u0163iilor           este permis\u0103 sub licen\u0163a GPL, cu           condi\u0163ia p\u0103str\u0103rii acestei note&#8221;.          <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Elaborez un pic, pentru cei care nu v\u0103 \u00eenv\u00e2rti\u0163i \u00een lumea softwareului. Licen\u0163a GPL se aplic\u0103 \u00een special programelor, dar poate fi aplicat\u0103 \u015fi oric\u0103rui document \u00een general. Ea confer\u0103 utilizatorului patru drepturi: s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 documentul \u00een orice scop; s\u0103 fac\u0103 copii ale documentului; s\u0103 modifice documentul; s\u0103 redistribuie copii modificate ale documentului. Licen\u0163a GPL impune o singur\u0103 restric\u0163ie: copiile redistribuite ale documentului trebuie, la r\u00e2ndul lor, s\u0103 fie sub licen\u0163a GPL.<\/p>\n<p>Cu alte cuvinte, licen\u0163a GNU GPL este un fel de &#8222;virus&#8221;. Scopul ei nu este de a proteja utilizatorul, ci documentul. Un document aflat sub licen\u0163a GPL este liber \u015fi gratuit la infinit. Oricine dore\u015fte s\u0103 \u00eel foloseasc\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 \u00eel redistribuie trebuie s\u0103 \u00eel dea mai departe tot sub licen\u0163a GPL; utilizatorului i se interzice \u00een mod explicit s\u0103 \u00eengreuneze copierea mai departe a documentului (de exemplu, prin criptarea cu o parol\u0103 sau prin impunerea unei licen\u0163e mai restrictive dec\u00e2t GPL).<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e2n\u0103 aici, toate bune \u015fi frumoase. DEX online a f\u0103cut, zic eu, un lucru nobil: a creat, cu mult efort, un document de o importan\u0163\u0103 cov\u00e2r\u015fitoare pentru limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u015fi a spus &#8222;acest document este liber disponibil \u015fi nimeni nu are voie s\u0103-l fac\u0103 vreodat\u0103 ne-liber&#8221;. Mai mult, a spus &#8222;dac\u0103 dori\u0163i s\u0103 folosi\u0163i baza de date \u00een scopuri comerciale, noi nu v\u0103 \u00eempiedic\u0103m&#8221;. Singurul lucru pe care \u00eel pretindem \u00een schimb este pu\u0163in credit. Nu \u015ftiu dac\u0103 ni se poate cere mai mult de at\u00e2t.<\/p>\n<p>Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een schimb? Au ap\u0103rut, ca ciupercile dup\u0103 ploaie, siteuri care copiaz\u0103 baza de date a DEX online, dar omit s\u0103 dea vreun credit proiectului DEX online (\u00eenc\u0103lc\u00e2nd condi\u0163ia [2] de mai sus). Mai mult, unele din aceste siteuri \u00ee\u015fi impun asupra defini\u0163iilor afi\u015fate propriile licen\u0163e draconice, care interzic de-a binelea copierea defini\u0163iilor de pe aceste siteuri (\u00eenc\u0103lc\u00e2nd \u015fi condi\u0163ia [1] de mai sus).<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2teva din aceste site-uri sunt (nu le pun link explicit, c\u0103 nu merit\u0103):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>dex-online.ro;<\/li>\n<li>vocabular.ro;<\/li>\n<li>dex.webis.ro;<\/li>\n<li>rodex.ro;<\/li>\n<li>dex-online-ro.ro.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Observa\u0163i unde e c\u00e2ino\u015fenia? Exist\u0103 oameni pe lume care insist\u0103 s\u0103 fure un lucru oferit liber \u015fi gratuit! \u015ei cel mai tare nu m\u0103 doare c\u0103 nu dau credit proiectului DEX online pentru datele preluate. Cel mai tare m\u0103 doare c\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi impun propria lor licen\u0163\u0103 asupra datelor, interzic\u00e2nd copierea mai departe.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen limba englez\u0103, se poate spune c\u0103 exist\u0103 o confuzie \u00een privin\u0163a termenului &#8222;free software&#8221;, deoarece &#8222;free&#8221; \u00eenseamn\u0103 at\u00e2t &#8222;liber&#8221;, c\u00e2t \u015fi &#8222;gratuit&#8221;. Dar \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 nu avem aceast\u0103 scuz\u0103. Licen\u0163a GNU GPL nu-i confer\u0103 documentului gratuitatea, ci libertatea. Nu am nimic \u00eempotriv\u0103 ca cineva s\u0103 preia defini\u0163ii din DEX online \u015fi s\u0103 le redistribuie contra cost. Trebuie doar ca varianta redistribuit\u0103 s\u0103 fie, la r\u00e2ndul ei, liber\u0103 de orice restric\u0163ii.<\/p>\n<p>Unul din aceste siteuri, dex-online.ro, este \u015fi mai perfid. Autorul \u015fi-a ales \u00een mod inten\u0163ionat un nume c\u00e2t mai apropiat de websiteul proiectului DEX online (<a href=\"http:\/\/dexonline.ro\/\">http:\/\/dexonline.ro<\/a>), ca s\u0103 creeze confuzie. Dup\u0103 care s-a dus \u015fi a pus leg\u0103turi c\u0103tre websiteul s\u0103u din c\u00e2te pagini a putut (de la Wikipedia, de exemplu). Din nou, observa\u0163i unde ajunge tic\u0103lo\u015fia? Nu e destul s\u0103 iei ceva pe gratis, trebuie s\u0103 \u015fi spui &#8222;e al meu, eu l-am f\u0103cut&#8221;, \u015fi s\u0103-l prezin\u0163i peste tot drept crea\u0163ia ta.<\/p>\n<p>Dincolo de aspectul legal al problemei, pe care \u00eel rezolv\u0103m cu un avocat, \u00eencerc s\u0103 \u00een\u0163eleg ce e \u00een mintea unor oameni ca ei. \u00cencerc s\u0103 g\u0103sesc alte explica\u0163ii dec\u00e2t r\u0103utatea uman\u0103 \u00een starea ei pur\u0103 (&#8222;nu st\u0103 nimeni cu ochii pe el, deci am s\u0103-l fur \u015fi\/sau am s\u0103 zic c\u0103 eu l-am f\u0103cut&#8221;). Poate oamenii pur \u015fi simplu nu s-au g\u00e2ndit c\u0103 un document, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 c\u0103 poate fi copiat fizic, mai poart\u0103 cu el \u015fi restric\u0163ii etice? Poate s-au g\u00e2ndit c\u0103 un proiect f\u0103cut voluntar \u015fi care nu urm\u0103re\u015fte profitul financiar nu are cum s\u0103 se apere \u00eempotriva furtului? Poate s-au g\u00e2ndit c\u0103 licen\u0163a GPL nu este solid\u0103 din punct de vedere legal \u015fi nu poate nimeni s\u0103 le cear\u0103 socoteal\u0103?<\/p>\n<p>Cred c\u0103 dac\u0103 ar fi intrat ho\u0163ii \u00een cas\u0103 \u015fi mi-ar fi furat tot ce am nu m-a\u015f fi enervat a\u015fa de tare.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De c\u00e2t\u0103va vreme se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu DEX online un lucru care m\u0103 \u00eengrijoreaz\u0103. Proiectul DEX online \u00ee\u015fi ofer\u0103, liber \u015fi gratuit, baza de date sub licen\u0163a GNU GPL. Cu alte cuvinte, oricine poate s\u0103 descarce \u00eentreaga baz\u0103 de defini\u0163ii \u015fi s\u0103 o foloseasc\u0103 \u00een orice scop, comercial sau necomercial. Licen\u0163a GPL, a\u015fa cum apare ea [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalin.francu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalin.francu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalin.francu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalin.francu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalin.francu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/catalin.francu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/catalin.francu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalin.francu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/catalin.francu.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}